Idgham, I'lal, Dan Ibdal Dalam Bahasa Arab (Studi Kontrastif Dengan Kaidah Meluruh Dalam Bahasa Indonesia)

Abstract

This study aims to examine the linguistic phenomena of Idgham, I’lal, and Ibdal in Arabic, and to contrast them with the meluruh (elision) phenomenon in the Indonesian language. These three Arabic linguistic features represent phonological and morphological processes that influence word formation and transformation, both in spoken and written forms. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using contrastive analysis techniques to identify similarities and differences between the linguistic principles of the two languages. Data were collected through literature review from classical and modern sources relevant to Arabic morphology (sharaf) and general linguistics. The researcher identified forms of transformation in both languages, such as letter assimilation (idgham), modification or omission of weak letters (i’lal), and substitution of one letter for another (ibdal), then compared them with phoneme elision or reduction in Indonesian. The findings reveal that although Arabic and Indonesian belong to different language families, both share similar phonetic strategies focused on articulation efficiency. This indicates that phonological changes in language are not arbitrary, but follow discernible patterns and serve communicative purposes. This research contributes to cross-linguistic understanding and provides a foundation for developing more contextual and effective Arabic language teaching methods for Indonesian speakers.