DINAMIKA HUKUM DAGANG INDONESIA DALAM ERA DIGITAL: TANTANGAN DAN ADAPTASI

Abstract

Transformasi digital telah Mombasa revolts fundamental dalam model bisnis dan interaksi perdagangan, menempatkan hukum dagang di Indonesia pada titik krusial adaptasi. Jurnal ini menganalisis secara mendalam dinamika yang terjadi dalam kerangka hukum dagang Indonesia sebagai respons terhadap tantangan yang diakibatkan oleh era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Data dikumpulkan melalui kajian ekstensif terhadap sumber hukum primer seperti Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah, dan peraturan teknis lainnya, serta sumber hukum sekunder berupa jurnal ilmiah, buku, dan hasil penelitian relevan. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi beberapa tantangan utama. Pertama, validitas dan pembuktian kontrak elektronik masih sering diperdebatkan, terutama terkait dengan syarat sahnya perjanjian dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Kedua, perlindungan konsumen di era e- commerce menjadi kompleks, mencakup isu keamanan data pribadi, mekanisme pengembalian barang, dan penipuan online. Ketiga, hak kekayaan intelektual (HKI), khususnya hak cipta dan merek, menghadapi kendala baru terkait pelanggaran digital dan pemalsuan produk di platform daring. Keempat, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa konvensional seringkali tidak efisien untuk kasus-kasus perdagangan digital yang lintas batas dan berbasis teknologi. Sebagai bentuk adaptasi, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengadopsi berbagai regulasi. Contohnya adalah UU No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) beserta perubahannya, yang memberikan landasan hukum bagi transaksi elektronik. Selain itu, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PMSE) secara spesifik mengatur e-commerce, termasuk perlindungan data dan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha. Namun, implementasi regulasi ini masih menghadapi kendala, seperti ketidakseragaman interpretasi, keterbatasan penegakan hukum, dan celah hukum (regulatory gap) yang belum sepenuhnya menjangkau inovasi teknologi terkini seperti blockchain dan metaverse.

Digital transformation has brought a fundamental revolution to business models and trade interactions, placing Indonesian commercial law at a crucial point of adaptation. This journal deeply analyzes the dynamics within the Indonesian commercial legal framework in response to the challenges brought about by the digital era. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data was collected through an extensive study of primary legal sources such as laws, government regulations, and other technical regulations, as well as secondary legal sources in the form of scientific journals, books, and relevant research findings. The research results identify several key challenges. First, the validity and proof of electronic contracts are still often debated, especially regarding the legal requirements for a valid agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Second, consumer protection in the e- commerce era has become complex, covering issues of personal data security, product return mechanisms, and online fraud. Third, intellectual property rights (IPR), especially copyrights and trademarks, face new obstacles related to digital infringement and product counterfeiting on online platforms. Fourth, conventional dispute resolution mechanisms are often inefficient for cross-border and technology-based digital trade cases. As a form of adaptation, the Indonesian government has adopted various regulations. An example is Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law) and its amendments, which provides a legal basis for electronic transactions. In addition, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems (PMSE) specifically regulates e-commerce, including data protection and business actors' responsibilities. However, the implementation of these regulations still faces obstacles, such as inconsistent interpretation, limited law enforcement, and regulatory gaps that have not fully reached the latest technological innovations such as blockchain and the metaverse.