MENGGAGAS CONSTITUTIONAL COMPLAINT SEBAGAI KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI UNTUK MEMPERKUAT HAK-HAK KONSTITUSIONAL (Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, 2025)
Kemunculan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia merupakan langkah progresif untuk memastikan supremasi konstitusi dan perlindungan hak-hak konstitusional warga negara. Namun, keterbatasan kewenangan MK yang hanya mencakup judicial review atas undang-undang menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dalam menghadapi pelanggaran hak konstitusional yang bersumber dari tindakan pejabat publik, peraturan di bawah undang-undang, maupun putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggagas penerapan mekanisme constitutional complaint sebagai kewenangan baru MK dalam rangka memperkuat perlindungan hak konstitusional. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan, melalui kajian terhadap UUD 1945, UU MK, literatur hukum, serta praktik di negara lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa constitutional complaint merupakan instrumen hukum luar biasa yang memberi akses langsung bagi warga negara untuk menuntut pemulihan hak konstitusionalnya. Pembahasan menekankan urgensi pengaturan mekanisme ini agar MK dapat lebih optimal berperan sebagai guardian of the constitution dan protector of constitutional rights. Kesimpulannya, pemberian kewenangan constitutional complaint kepada MK melalui amandemen UUD 1945 atau revisi UU MK mendesak untuk dilakukan guna menjamin perlindungan hak konstitusional secara menyeluruh, partisipatif, dan berkeadilan.The establishment of the Constitutional Court (MK) within Indonesia’s constitutional system represents a progressive step toward ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution and safeguarding citizens’ constitutional rights. However, the Court’s limited authority, which is confined to judicial review of statutes, creates a legal vacuum in addressing violations of constitutional rights arising from acts of public officials, regulations below the level of statute, or court decisions that have obtained permanent legal force. This research aims to propose the implementation of a constitutional complaint mechanism as a new competence of the Constitutional Court in order to strengthen the protection of constitutional rights. The methodology employed is normative legal research using statutory and comparative approaches, through the examination of the 1945 Constitution, the Constitutional Court Law, legal literature, and practices in other jurisdictions. The findings indicate that constitutional complaint is an extraordinary legal instrument that provides citizens with direct access to seek remedies for violations of their constitutional rights. The discussion highlights the urgency of regulating this mechanism so that the Constitutional Court can more optimally fulfill its role as the guardian of the Constitution and protector of constitutional rights. In conclusion, granting the Constitutional Court authority over constitutional complaints through an amendment to the 1945 Constitution or a revision of the Constitutional Court Law is imperative to ensure comprehensive, participatory, and equitable protection of constitutional rights.