Hubungan Asupan Energi, Zat Gizi Makro, dan Persepsi Ibu dengan Status Gizi Lebih Balita

Abstract

Background: Overweight in children increases the risk of developing degenerative diseases in adulthood, such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. One of the main contributing factors is the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, as well as maternal perception of the child's nutritional status, which influences feeding behavior. Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between energy intake, macronutrient intake, and maternal perception with the incidence of overweight among toddlers in the working area of Ketapang 2 Public Health Center, East Kotawaringin Regency. Methods: A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied. The respondents were 66 mothers of overweight toddlers. Nutrient intake was assessed using the SQ-FFQ, and maternal perception was evaluated through the Collins Figure Scale. Data were analyzed using Spearman and Chi-square tests. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.000), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.000), fat intake (p = 0.010), and maternal perception (p = 0.037) with the overweight status of toddlers. However, no significant relationship was found between protein intake and overweight status (p = 0.084). Conclusion: In conclusion, energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake, along with maternal perception, are significantly associated with overweight status among toddlers in the working area of Ketapang 2 Public Health Center, East Kotawaringin Regency.