PENDEKATAN VICTIMOLOGI TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI KORBAN KEKERASAN FISIK

Abstract

Physical violence against children is one of the most alarming forms of human rights violations, considering that children are individuals who are biologically, psychologically, and socially in developmental stages and are highly dependent on adults. Acts of physical violence, such as hitting, kicking, whipping, or other forms of abuse, not only cause physical injuries but also leave deep psychological and emotional impacts that can affect a child's growth and development in the long term. In many cases, such violence is perpetrated by those closest to the child, such as parents, guardians, or caregivers, creating a difficult environment for the child to report or seek help. The victimological approach in this context is crucial, as it positions the child not merely as an object of protection, but as a legal subject who holds rights to justice, recognition, and comprehensive recovery. Victimology, as a discipline that focuses on the study of crime victims, offers analysis on the process of victimization, the social and psychological conditions of victims, and the support systems needed for their recovery-especially for children. This study aims to examine physical violence against children from a victimological perspective, highlighting legal protection mechanisms, the role of state institutions and society, as well as the necessity for proper rehabilitation and recovery services for child victims. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through library research methods, including a review of national regulations, international legal instruments, policy documents, and relevant empirical case studies. The findings of this study indicate that the protection of child victims of physical violence in Indonesia has not been implemented effectively or comprehensively. Many child victims do not have access to legal assistance, psychological services, or safe protection facilities such as shelters. Additionally, the involvement of children in the criminal justice process still does not fully take into account their psychological conditions and best interests, which can further traumatize the victims. The victimological approach emphasizes that the legal process should be restorative and oriented towards the victim’s recovery, rather than focusing solely on punishing the perpetrator. Therefore, this study recommends policy reforms and capacity-building within institutions to enhance protection for child victims of physical violence. Synergy between the government, law enforcement agencies, social institutions, and the community is needed to build a holistic child protection system, based on the principles of restorative justice, non-discrimination, and the full realization of victims’ rights.