TAHAPAN PEMBUATAN CEDAW (CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORM OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN) DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the process of formulation, adoption, and implementation of the CEDAW Convention (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) in the international legal system and evaluate its implementation in Indonesian national law. This study is a normative legal study that uses a statute approach and a historical approach. Data were collected through a literature study of international legal instruments, national laws and regulations, and official documents and reports from related institutions. The results of the study show that CEDAW was born from a long process in the international legal system and was officially adopted by the UN in 1979, then ratified by Indonesia through Law Number 7 of 1984. The implementation of CEDAW in Indonesia has been seen through the formation of various regulations and policies, including the ratification of the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence and gender-friendly court guidelines. However, there are still various challenges such as the existence of laws that conflict with the principles of CEDAW, the lack of women's participation in politics, and the non-ratification of the Optional Protocol. Therefore, a stronger political commitment and legal harmonization are needed to ensure comprehensive protection of women's rights.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses perumusan, pengadopsian, dan pemberlakuan Konvensi CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) dalam sistem hukum internasional serta mengevaluasi implementasinya dalam hukum nasional Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap instrumen hukum internasional, peraturan perundang-undangan nasional, serta dokumen dan laporan resmi dari lembaga terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CEDAW lahir dari proses panjang dalam sistem hukum internasional dan diadopsi secara resmi oleh PBB pada tahun 1979, lalu diratifikasi oleh Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984. Implementasi CEDAW di Indonesia telah terlihat melalui pembentukan berbagai regulasi dan kebijakan, termasuk pengesahan UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dan pedoman pengadilan yang ramah gender. Namun demikian, masih terdapat berbagai tantangan seperti keberadaan undang-undang yang bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip CEDAW, minimnya partisipasi perempuan dalam politik, dan belum diratifikasinya Protokol Opsional. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan komitmen politik dan harmonisasi hukum yang lebih kuat untuk menjamin perlindungan hak-hak perempuan secara menyeluruh.