TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIADALAM SITUASI KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Konflik bersenjata yang terjadi di beberapa wilayah Indonesia, seperti Papua dan Poso, menimbulkan tantangan serius terhadap perlindungan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Negara memiliki kewajiban konstitusional untuk menjamin HAM sebagaimana tercantum dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945, khususnya Pasal 28 dan turunannya. Namun, dalam praktiknya, situasi konflik seringkali menghadirkan dilema antara kepentingan keamanan nasional dan pemenuhan hak-hak sipil. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana konstitusi Indonesia memberikan perlindungan terhadap HAM dalam konteks konflik bersenjata, serta mengevaluasi implementasinya di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur, mengkaji dokumen hukum, putusan pengadilan, laporan lembaga HAM, dan literatur akademik relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kerangka  normatif Indonesia telah mengadopsi standar HAM internasional, implementasinya masih lemah akibat minimnya akuntabilitas, dominasi pendekatan militeristik, dan kurangnya mekanisme pemulihan bagi korban. Simpulan dari studi ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan instrumen hukum nasional yang responsif terhadap situasi konflik serta perlunya reformasi kebijakan keamanan agar sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM dan supremasi konstitusi.

Armed conflicts that occur in several regions of Indonesia, such as Papua and Poso, pose serious challenges to the protection of human rights (HAM). The state has a constitutional obligation to guarantee human rights as stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, especially Article 28 and its derivatives. However, in practice, conflict situations often present a dilemma between national security interests and the fulfillment of civil rights. This article aims to analyze how the Indonesian constitution provides protection for human rights in the context of armed conflict, and to evaluate its implementation in the field. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, reviewing legal documents, court decisions, reports from human rights institutions, and relevant academic literature. The results of the analysis show that although Indonesia's normative framework has adopted international human rights standards, its implementation is still weak due to minimal accountability, the dominance of a militaristic approach, and the lack of a redress mechanism for victims. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening national legal instruments that are responsive to conflict situations and the need for security policy reform to be in line with human rights principles and constitutional supremacy.