PENGARUH VARIASI PAHAT DAN JENIS MATERIAL TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN PADA PROSES PEMBUBUTAN CNC XTRA 420
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Abstract
Kekasaran permukaan merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam menilai kualitas hasil pemesinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi ukuran pahat insert terhadap kekasaran permukaan pada proses pembubutan menggunakan mesin CNC XTRA 420. Material yang digunakan meliputi S 45 C, ST 37, dan ST 42, dengan pahat insert tipe DNMG berukuran radius 0,2 mm, 0,6 mm, dan 0,8 mm serta kedalaman potong konstan sebesar 1 mm. Metode penelitian bersifat eksperimen dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, di mana kekasaran permukaan diukur menggunakan alat Surface Roughness Tester dan dihitung rata-rata dari tiga titik pengukuran pada setiap spesimen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pahat insert berukuran r 0,2 pada material S 45 C menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan terbaik dengan nilai Ra 1,71 µm, sedangkan kekasaran tertinggi sebesar 4,45 µm terjadi pada penggunaan pahat berukuran r 0,8 pada material ST 42. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi ukuran pahat insert secara signifikan memengaruhi kekasaran permukaan hasil pemesinan.
Kata kunci: kekasaran permukaan, ukuran pahat insert, pembubutan CNC, material S 45 C,ST 37, ST 42, Surface Roughness Tester, radius pahat.
Abstract
Surface roughness was recognized as a key parameter in assessing the quality of machining operations. This research aimed to analyze the influence of insert nose radius variation on the surface roughness of workpieces machined on a CNC lathe XTRA 420. The work materials comprised S45C, ST37, and ST42 steels. DNMG-type inserts with nose radii of 0.2 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm were utilized, maintaining a constant depth of cut of 1 mm throughout the tests. A quantitative-descriptive experimental method was adopted. Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester, with measurements averaged over three points per specimen. The experimental results showed that the finest surface finish was obtained on S45C using the 0.2 mm nose radius insert, resulting in an average Ra value of 1.71 µm. Conversely, the poorest surface finish was observed on ST42 using the 0.8 mm nose radius insert, with an Ra value of 4.45 µm. These findings demonstrated that the variation in insert nose radius had a significant impact on the resulting surface roughness of the machined parts.
Keywords: surface roughness, insert tool size, CNC turning, S 45 C material,ST 37, ST 42, Surface Roughness Tester, tool nose radius
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