JEJAK SEJARAH: PENAKLUKAN ANDALUSIA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERADABAN ISLAM
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Abstract
This study examines the 711 AD conquest of Andalusia as a historical turning point that shaped Islamic civilization in Europe. Using a qualitative literature-based method, the research reveals three key aspects: (1) the military strategy of Tariq ibn Ziyad that exploited the internal weaknesses of the Visigoth Kingdom, (2) Andalusia's transformation into a center of knowledge with contributions from figures like Ibn Rushd and Al-Zahrawi, and (3) the Umayyad Dynasty's role in establishing governance and waqf-based education systems. Findings indicate that the conquest's success was not merely political-military but also cultural, creating "La Convivencia" - a unique cultural synthesis through harmonious coexistence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews. Architectural legacies like the Cordoba Mosque and advanced irrigation systems testify to this civilization's achievements. The study highlights Andalusia's historical relevance as a model for intercultural dialogue in the contemporary era.
Keywords: Conquest of Andalusia, Thariq ibn Ziyad, Visigoth Kingdom, Umayyad Dynasty
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji penaklukan Andalusia tahun 711 M sebagai titik balik sejarah yang membentuk peradaban Islam di Eropa. Dengan metode kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka, penelitian mengungkap tiga aspek kunci: (1) strategi militer Thariq bin Ziyad yang memanfaatkan kelemahan internal Kerajaan Visigoth, (2) transformasi Andalusia menjadi pusat ilmu pengetahuan dengan kontribusi tokoh seperti Ibnu Rushd dan Al-Zahrawi, serta (3) peran Dinasti Umayyah dalam membangun tata kelola pemerintahan dan sistem pendidikan berbasis wakaf. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan penaklukan tidak hanya bersifat politis-militer, tetapi juga kultural, dengan terciptanya "La Convivencia" - koeksistensi harmonis Muslim, Kristen, dan Yahudi yang melahirkan sintesis budaya unik. Warisan arsitektur seperti Masjid Cordoba dan sistem irigasi Andalusia menjadi bukti pencapaian peradaban ini. Penelitian ini menyoroti relevansi sejarah Andalusia sebagai model dialog antarbudaya di era kontemporer.
Kata Kunci: Penaklukan Andalusia, Thariq bin Ziyad, Kerajaan Visigoth, Dinasti Umayyah
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References
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