IMPLIKASI JARINGAN TRANSNASIONAL SENJATA ILEGAL TERHADAP KRISIS KEAMANAN MANUSIA (HUMAN SECURITY) DI KAWASAN TANDUK AFRIKA
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Abstract
Penelitian ini mengelaborasi dampak signifikan dari jaringan transnasional penyelundupan senjata ilegal terhadap keamanan manusia di Kawasan Tanduk Afrika. Meskipun ada kerangka hukum regional yang bertujuan mengurangi perdagangan senjata ringan dan kecil (SALW), perdagangan ilegal senjata tetap menjadi faktor yang memperburuk konflik, memperbesar penderitaan manusia, dan menghambat upaya perdamaian. Proliferasi senjata ilegal merusak baik keamanan pribadi maupun keamanan ekonomi individu, seperti yang terlihat dalam eskalasi kekerasan dan pengungsian di negara-negara seperti Somalia, Ethiopia, dan Sudan. Melalui analisis kualitatif berbasis pustaka, penelitian ini menyoroti bagaimana jaringan kriminal transnasional mengeksploitasi kelemahan pengawasan negara untuk melanggengkan kekerasan dan ketidakamanan. Artikel ini juga menggunakan kerangka Keamanan Manusia UNDP untuk mengungkap bagaimana perdagangan senjata ilegal merusak kebebasan dari rasa takut dan kebebasan dari keterbatasan atas kebutuhan. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya penguatan kerjasama regional dan internasional serta reformasi hukum yang lebih ketat untuk mengatasi akar masalah ketidakamanan di kawasan ini.
The Horn of Africa is one of the most conflict-prone regions in the world, where transnational illicit arms trafficking networks are a major factor exacerbating the human security crisis. This study analyzes how arms smuggling via maritime routes into the Horn of Africa strengthens non-state armed groups such as al-Shabaab and the Islamic State of Somalia, and its far-reaching impacts across seven dimensions of human security, ranging from increased violence, mass displacement, infrastructure damage, to economic, food, health, and environmental vulnerabilities. The study employs a qualitative approach using literature review and thematic analysis methods, identifying that the failure of regional legal frameworks and weak governance in the region exacerbate the arms smuggling networks exploited during the escalation of conflicts in the region. This, in turn, has significant implications for human security dimensions.
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