NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN DAN EKONOMI KERAKYATAN: ANALISIS PERAN BAPPEDA DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH SUMBAWA 2025–2029

Abstract

Kajian ini menelusuri dinamika perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan di Kabupaten Sumbawa menjelang penyusunan RPJPD 2025–2045 dan RPJMD 2025–2029. Melalui wawancara mendalam dengan Bappeda, penelaahan dokumen resmi, dan observasi lapangan, penelitian memetakan bagaimana paradigma negara kesejahteraan—dengan ekonomi kerakyatan ala Mubyarto sebagai poros—diterjemahkan ke dalam kebijakan teknokratis yang tetap sensitif pada konteks lokal. Hasilnya menunjukkan, pertama, penetapan target pembangunan didorong oleh sinergi antara pendekatan partisipatif, teknokratis, dan politis, namun dibatasi realitas fiskal: PAD hanya ±10 % dari APBD Rp2 triliun sehingga ketergantungan transfer pusat mencapai 90 %. Kedua, strategi menjadi lokus program nasional (industri garam, peningkatan layanan dasar) terbukti krusial untuk menutup celah pendanaan, sekaligus menuntut komunikasi intensif dengan kementerian/lembaga agar usulan daerah masuk RPJMN. Ketiga, koordinasi lintas sektor—terutama pada indikasi KLB rabies—menjadi kunci mencegah tumpang‑tindih program dan memastikan capaian indikator literasi, numerasi, serta stunting dalam RKPD tahunan. Keempat, pengembangan pariwisata berbasis bahari, budaya, dan minat khusus dihadang kendala infrastruktur, keterbatasan SDM, dan ketergantungan pada event; meski demikian, pelibatan masyarakat lewat promosi digital memperlihatkan potensi ekonomi kreatif yang inklusif. Kelima, pendidikan berbasis potensi lokal (ekskul surfing, heritage walk) dan implementasi Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila memperkuat karakter pelajar sekaligus menyiapkan agen promosi budaya. Terakhir, konflik tenurial atas lahan publik (PLTU, tambang) menegaskan pentingnya kejelasan hukum hak ulayat dan dialog multistakeholder agar proyek strategis tidak terhambat. Temuan‑temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan Sumbawa bertumpu pada kemampuan menjahit visi kesejahteraan dengan keterbatasan fiskal, mengelola koordinasi sektoral, serta memitigasi konflik sosial demi pembangunan yang adil dan berkelanjutan.

This study explores the dynamics of development planning and implementation in Sumbawa Regency ahead of the formulation of the 2025–2045 Long-Term Regional Development Plan (RPJPD) and the 2025–2029 Medium-Term Regional Development Plan (RPJMD). Through in-depth interviews with Bappeda (Regional Development Planning Agency), official document analysis, and field observations, the research maps how the welfare state paradigm—with Mubyarto's concept of a people-centered economy at its core—is translated into technocratic policies that remain sensitive to local contexts. The findings reveal several key points. First, the determination of development targets is driven by a synergy of participatory, technocratic, and political approaches, yet constrained by fiscal realities: local revenue (PAD) contributes only around 10% of the Rp2 trillion regional budget, making the region 90% dependent on central government transfers. Second, the strategy of becoming a national program locus (e.g., salt industry development, improvement of basic services) proves crucial for closing funding gaps, while requiring intensive communication with ministries and agencies to ensure local proposals are included in the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Third, cross-sectoral coordination—particularly in response to the rabies outbreak—becomes essential to prevent program overlap and to secure progress on annual RKPD targets such as literacy, numeracy, and stunting indicators. Fourth, the development of tourism based on maritime, cultural, and niche interests faces challenges in infrastructure, limited human resources, and overreliance on events; nevertheless, community involvement through digital promotion showcases the inclusive potential of the creative economy. Fifth, education rooted in local potential (e.g., surfing extracurriculars, heritage walks) and the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Project strengthen student character while preparing cultural promotion agents. Finally, tenurial conflicts over public lands (e.g., power plants, mining) highlight the importance of legal clarity on customary rights and multistakeholder dialogue to prevent strategic projects from being stalled. These findings affirm that Sumbawa’s success hinges on its ability to weave together a welfare vision with fiscal constraints, manage sectoral coordination, and mitigate social conflict in pursuit of just and sustainable development.