SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM PADA MASA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN: STUDI HISTORIS DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP EKONOMI MODERN

Abstract

This study aims to examine the Islamic economic system during the era of the Khulafaur Rasyidin (632–661 AD) with a historical approach and critical analysis of its relevance in the context of modern economics. The reign of the first four caliphs (Abu Bakar, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) was a formative period in the practical application of Islamic economic principles, including the management of Baitul Mal, the implementation of zakat and taxes (kharaj, jizyah), wealth distribution, and trade and market policies. This study uses primary sources in the form of classical Islamic literature, historical books, and hadiths, and is analyzed qualitatively to understand the basic economic values applied. The results of the study show that the economic system during the Khulafaur Rasyidin era emphasized distributive justice, balanced ownership between individuals and the state, and the role of the state as an economic regulator that guarantees the welfare of the people. These values have high relevance to contemporary economic challenges such as social inequality, economic moral crisis, and extreme capitalist practices. This study contributes to the development of modern Islamic economic discourse based on historical heritage and prophetic values.