DILEMA TANPA NEGARA: MENGUAK AKAR, KEKERASAN SISTEMATIS, DAN JEJAK KRISIS ROHINGYA DI PANGGUNG REGIONAL

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Okky Maharsa Casmita

Abstract

Krisis yang melanda etnis minoritas Muslim Rohingya di Negara Bagian Rakhine, Myanmar, telah menjadi pusat perhatian dunia sebagai salah satu bencana kemanusiaan dan kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terburuk di Asia Tenggara pada abad ke-21. Akar masalah konflik ini sangat kompleks yang mana konflik ini bermula dari sejarah panjang diskriminasi terlembaga, penolakan kewarganegaraan Rohingya secara sistematis melalui Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan 1982, serta ketegangan etnis-agama yang mendalam. Puncak kekerasan militer pada Agustus 2017 yang dinyatakan sebagai tindakan atas serbuan kelompok bersenjata Rohingya berdampak pada operasi "pembersihan" masif. Hal ini mengakibatkan lebih dari 740.000 warga Rohingya terpaksa mengungsi ke Bangladesh, menegaskan kegagalan fundamental tata kelola pemerintahan dan perlindungan hak-hak dasar di Myanmar. Temuan utama penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik Rohingya merupakan konsekuensi langsung dari kebijakan diskriminatif dan sistematis oleh negara Myanmar yang juga diperparah oleh berkembangnya sentimen ultranasionalisme Buddhis dan Islamofobia. PBB mengklasifikasikan kekerasan yang menimpa warga Rohingya sebagai genosida yang mana ditunjukkan dengan adanya karakteristik pembersihan etnis yang berdampak pada munculnya korban jiwa, kehancuran komunitas, dan timbulnya krisis pengungsi terbesar di Asia yang belum terselesaikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyelesaian konflik jangka panjang dan pemulangan Rohingya secara aman dan bermartabat membutuhkan pengakuan kewarganegaraan penuh, penghapusan diskriminasi struktural, penegakan akuntabilitas atas pelanggaran HAM berat, serta tekanan berkelanjutan dari komunitas internasional agar Myanmar mematuhi hukum internasional dan melindungi hak-hak minoritasnya.


 


 

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DILEMA TANPA NEGARA: MENGUAK AKAR, KEKERASAN SISTEMATIS, DAN JEJAK KRISIS ROHINGYA DI PANGGUNG REGIONAL. (2025). Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 9(12), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.9963/2fh4g805

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