THE ROLE OF PUBLIC OPINION IN CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CRISIS

Abstract

This research examines the changing dynamics of Germany's policy on arms deliveries to Ukraine, with a focus on the influence of public opinion and the media. Using theories of public opinion influence and constructivism in foreign policy, this study highlights how media coverage of the humanitarian crisis caused by the Russian invasion and pressure from NATO and EU allies shifted public attitudes and influenced German government decisions. Initially, German policy tended to be neutral and avoid direct engagement, but intensive coverage of the suffering of the Ukrainian people and the European solidarity narrative changed public perceptions. Growing public support for Ukraine created pressure for the government to shift from an anti-interventionist approach to a proactive policy, including sending military aid. This study identified limitations in the measurement of public opinion and the influence of media bias, as well as other limitations related to uncovered variables, such as energy interests and internal political factors. The results show the important role of the media in shaping foreign policy through public opinion and regional solidarity.