DAMPAK INKONSISTENSI PENERAPAN PRINSIP KOMPLEMENTARITAS DAN KETIDAKSIAPAN APARAT NASIONAL TERHADAP KEGAGALAN IMPLEMENTASI TANGGUNG JAWAB PIDANA INDIVIDUAL ATAS KEJAHATAN GENOSIDA

Abstract

Abstract

This study examines the inconsistent application of the complementarity principle in enforcing individual criminal responsibility for genocide and the unpreparedness of national law enforcement agencies in handling such cases. The background highlights that despite genocide being categorized as a jus cogens crime under the 1948 Genocide Convention and the 1998 Rome Statute, many countries, including Indonesia, fail to prosecute perpetrators due to political unwillingness (unwillingness) and institutional incapacity (inability). The research questions address: (1) how the inconsistency of the complementarity principle affects genocide accountability, and (2) how the lack of preparedness among national legal apparatus hinders individual responsibility implementation. The normative legal method analyzes primary (Rome Statute, Law No. 26/2000) and secondary (journals, UN reports) legal materials. Findings reveal that countries like Sudan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka fail to meet complementarity standards, while Indonesia faces challenges such as the absence of specific genocide provisions in its Criminal Code and weak implementation of command responsibility. The conclusion underscores the need to harmonize national laws with the Rome Statute, train legal personnel, and strengthen judicial independence to prevent impunity.

Keywords: Genocide, complementarity principle, international criminal law.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis inkonsistensi penerapan prinsip komplementaritas dalam penegakan tanggung jawab pidana individual atas kejahatan genosida, serta ketidaksiapan aparat penegak hukum nasional dalam menangani kasus tersebut. Latar belakang menunjukkan bahwa meskipun genosida dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan jus cogens dan diatur dalam Konvensi Genosida 1948 serta Statuta Roma 1998, banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia, gagal menindak pelaku secara efektif akibat lemahnya kemauan politik (unwillingness) dan kapasitas institusional (inability). Rumusan masalah mencakup: (1) bagaimana inkonsistensi prinsip komplementaritas memengaruhi pertanggungjawaban pidana genosida, dan (2) bagaimana ketidaksiapan aparat hukum nasional menghambat implementasi tanggung jawab individual. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan analisis bahan hukum primer (Statuta Roma, UU No. 26/2000) dan sekunder (jurnal, laporan PBB). Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa negara seperti Sudan, Myanmar, dan Sri Lanka gagal memenuhi prinsip komplementaritas, sementara Indonesia menghadapi kendala seperti ketiadaan norma spesifik genosida dalam KUHP dan minimnya penerapan tanggung jawab komando (command responsibility). Kesimpulan menekankan perlunya harmonisasi hukum nasional dengan Statuta Roma, pelatihan aparat, dan penguatan independensi peradilan untuk mencegah impunitas.

Kata Kunci : Genosida, prinsip komplementaritas, hukum pidana internasional.