TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA ATAS KEJAHATAN LINGKUNGAN: STUDI KASUS TUMPAHAN MINYAK DEEPWATER HORIZON

Abstract

State responsibility in the context of environmental crime through the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. This disaster became one of the largest marine pollutions in modern history and touched on a fundamental issue in international environmental law: whether states can be held legally responsible for the actions or omissions of non-state entities within their jurisdiction. This paper examines the principles of state responsibility, due diligence, and the provisions of the UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), which are the basis for assessing the role of states. With a normative-juridical approach, this article emphasizes that states have a central role in regulating, supervising, and ensuring that industrial activities, especially those with high environmental risks, do not ignore safety standards and ecological sustainability.