A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR): ATENSI PADA ANAK DOWNSYNDROME

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Cindy Vanesha
Vinnatha Syella. Jd
Aulia Samiana

Abstract

Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) kerap mengalami hambatan dalam mempertahankan atensi, yang berdampak langsung pada proses belajar, perkembangan bahasa, serta keterlibatan akademik mereka. Di sisi lain, anak DS juga menunjukkan kekuatan dalam aspek sosial seperti empati, keramahan, dan kepekaan emosional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik atensi, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, bentuk intervensi yang efektif, serta kontribusi interaksi sosial dalam meningkatkan perhatian anak dengan DS. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 15 artikel ilmiah terbitan tahun 2003 – 2025, yang diperoleh dari database ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar. Artikel yang dianalisis memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu studi primer berdesain kuantitatif, kualitatif, maupun mixed methods dengan fokus spesifik pada perhatian anak DS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa anak DS memiliki rentang perhatian berkelanjutan yang lebih pendek, kesulitan dalam mengarahkan atensi secara top-down, serta respons yang kurang selektif terhadap stimulus sosial. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi atensi antara lain keterbatasan memori jangka pendek, beban kognitif tinggi, dan kondisi psikologis. Intervensi yang terbukti efektif mencakup integrasi sensori, metode TEACCH, serta latihan postural terstruktur. Selain itu, dukungan sosial seperti praktik joint attention juga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan fokus dan keterlibatan anak. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis kekuatan sosial dalam mengatasi hambatan atensi pada anak DS.

Children with Down Syndrome (DS) often face challenges in sustaining attention, which directly affects their learning process, language development, and academic engagement. However, they also exhibit strong social strengths, including empathy, friendliness, and emotional sensitivity. This study aims to identify the characteristics of attention, its influencing factors, effective interventions, and the role of social interaction in enhancing attention among children with DS. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted on 15 scientific articles published between 1989 and 2025, retrieved from ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. Included studies were primary research using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods designs with a specific focus on attention in children with DS. The findings indicate that children with DS tend to have shorter sustained attention spans, difficulties in directing top-down attention, and less selective responses to social stimuli. Influencing factors include limited short-term memory, high cognitive load, and psychological conditions. Effective interventions identified include sensory integration, the TEACCH method, and structured postural training. Furthermore, supportive social environments, such as joint attention practices, contribute to improved focus and engagement. This review highlights the importance of utilizing social strengths as a foundation for attention-focused learning strategies in children with DS.

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