Evaluasi Kuantitatif Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Instrumen Pembelajaran IPA pada Materi Usaha, Energi, dan Pesawat Sederhana

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the quality of multiple-choice items on the topic of work, energy, and simple machines in science learning using a descriptive quantitative approach. The instrument analyzed consisted of 40 items validated by five experts using Aiken’s V, with 25 items selected for trial with 26 eighth-grade junior high school students. The analysis covered content validity, reliability using KR-20, item difficulty, discrimination index, and distractor effectiveness. The results show that 35 items were valid, the KR-20 reliability coefficient reached 0.78 (reliable), and most items fell into the easy to moderate difficulty range. The majority of items had sufficient to high discrimination indices, although several items required revision due to low discrimination power and ineffective distractors. This quantitative evaluation provides a solid foundation for improving the quality of science assessment instruments in a sustainable and contextualized manner.