Shadow Fleet dan Ancaman Hybrid: Kerentanan Keamanan Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the application of gray zone conflict strategies through the use of non-conventional instruments, specifically shadow fleets, as hybrid threats in Indonesian maritime waters. These shadow fleets exploit gaps in national maritime security capacity to carry out covert activities that threaten sovereignty and maritime security. Using a qualitative approach and literature analysis, this study reveals how both state and non-state actors employ these strategies to blur the lines between military and civilian conflicts, complicating security responses. Findings indicate that weaknesses in surveillance technology, regulations, and inter-agency coordination significantly increase Indonesia’s vulnerability to hybrid threats. Consequently, strengthening maritime security systems through capacity building, international cooperation, and comprehensive security strategies is urgently required.