ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PERLINDUNGAN DAN KEAMANAN TERHADAP KEKERASAN BERBASIS GENDER DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN SURIAH – TURKI
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan perlindungan dan keamanan terhadap kekerasan berbasis gender (gender-based violence/GBV) yang dialami oleh perempuan pengungsi Suriah di wilayah perbatasan Suriah–Turki. Krisis pengungsian akibat konflik berkepanjangan di Suriah telah menempatkan jutaan perempuan dalam situasi kerentanan ganda, baik karena identitas gender maupun status sebagai pengungsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pengungsi menghadapi kekerasan dalam berbagai bentuk fisik, seksual, ekonomi, dan psikologis yang diperparah oleh minimnya jaminan hukum, diskriminasi sosial, dan kebijakan yang belum sepenuhnya sensitif gender. Pemerintah Turki telah mengembangkan sejumlah mekanisme perlindungan melalui kerja sama dengan lembaga internasional seperti UNFPA dan UNHCR, antara lain melalui pendirian Women and Girls Safe Spaces. Namun, efektivitas kebijakan tersebut masih terkendala oleh lemahnya implementasi di lapangan, stigma sosial, serta kebijakan nasional yang belum berpihak sepenuhnya pada kelompok rentan, terutama setelah penarikan diri dari Konvensi Istanbul. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan keamanan manusia dan perspektif feminis dalam merancang kebijakan perlindungan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
This study aims to analyze protection and security policies addressing gender-based violence (GBV) experienced by Syrian refugee woman in the Syria-Turkey border region. The protracted conflict in Syria has led to a refugee crisis that places million of woman in a position of compounded vulnerability, both due to their gender identity and their status of refugees. The findings indicate that refugee woman face various form of violence: physical, sexual, economic, and psychological exacerbated by the lack of legal guarantees, social discrimination, and policies that are not fully gender-sensitive. The Turkish government has developed a number of protection mechanisms in collaboration with international organizations such as UNFPA and UNHCR, including the establishment of Woman and Girls Safe Spaces. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains limited due to weak implementation on the ground, prevailing social stigma, and national policies that do not fully support vulnerable groups, particularly following Turkey’s withdrawal from the Instanbul Convention. This Study underscores the importance of adopting a human security approach and feminist perspective in designing inclusive and sustainable protection policies.
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